Jupiter has 53 named moons and another 26 awaiting official names. The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, which were independently discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius and were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither Earth nor the Sun. This debunked the religious dogma at the time that all objects rotate around the earth. It helped newton with his theory around gravity and how the solar system was structured to rotate around the sun.  Notice the moon IO transiting the surface of Jupiter, with Europa further out.

Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is an atmospheric storm that has been raging in Jupiter’s southern Hemisphere for at least 400 years. It rotates counter-clockwise (anti-cyclonic) and makes a full rotation every six Earth days. The spot is prevented from moving north and south across the planet by an eastward jetstream to its south and a very strong westward jetstream to its north. Its position moving east and west changes quite frequently. The spot is large enough to engulf three Earths! Winds at the very edges of the storm gust to 432 km/h, but inside the storm winds seem to be somewhat stagnant with no inflow nor outflow. The cloud tops of the GRS are about 8 km above the surrounding clouds. 

Jupiter has a long history of surprising scientists – all the way back to 1610 when Galileo Galilei found the first moons beyond Earth. That discovery changed the way we see the universe. Fifth in line from the Sun, Jupiter is, by far, the largest planet in the solar system – more than twice as massive as all the other planets combined. Jupiter's familiar stripes and swirls are actually cold, windy clouds of ammonia and water, floating in an atmosphere of hydrogen and helium. Jupiter’s iconic Great Red Spot is a giant storm bigger than Earth that has raged for hundreds of years. Jupiter rotates on its axis every 8 hours, which roughly translates into a exposure time of 5 minutes from earth without noticeable rotation blurring. Although this does depend on your focal length.